other agonist opioids such as morphine (increased risk of respiratory depression);
agonist-antagonist opioids such as buprenorphine, nalbuphine, pentazocine (competitive action).
Reduce dosage in patients with renal or hepatic impairment and in elderly patients. Management of respiratory depression includes assisted ventilation and/or administration of naloxone.
Pregnancy: nocontra-indication. The newborn infant may develop withdrawal symptoms,
respiratory depression and drowsiness in the event of prolonged administration of large doses at the end of the 3rd trimester. In this event,closely monitor the newborn infant.
Breast-feeding: use with caution,for a short period (2-3 days), at the lowest effective dose. Monitor the mother and the infant:in the event of excessive drowsiness, stop treatment.
Remarks
Administer an appropriate laxative (e.g. lactulose) if analgesic treatment continues more than 48 hours.
In some countries, codeine is on the list of narcotics: follow national regulations.